Tether Limited is the first organization in the world to develop a platform with the ability to use ordinary state currency in the digital money format. This altcoin is called Tether (USDT) and is tied to real funds such as the dollar, euro and yen. The company issuing the token claims that it is supported by a stock of money in its accounts, in other words: 1,000 USDT is equivalent to 1,000 of the state currency. The organization operates in all countries where cryptocurrency is allowed to operate. This material is dedicated to digital money Tether, or, as they are commonly called, stablecoins.

About Tether

Virtual currency Tezer is a digital fund that differs from other tokens in the provision of fiat funds. This characteristic completely excludes the possibility of speculation, which often forces a person to refuse to use cryptocurrency. However, it should be understood that this token is completely dependent on the exchange rate of the American dollar, which means that if the latter falls in price, the coin will lose exactly the same amount. However, exchange rate fluctuations usually occur in the range of 1 cent.

Tether is developed on the basis of the open source Omni Layer protocol, which operates in conjunction with the blockchain. The coins are created on the basis of the Bitcoin platform.

Tether blockchain is a kind of virtual finance protected by a crypto code. It does not have a preset "ceiling", so that it is available for emission to anyone. The stability of the quotes is ensured by fiat funds, the support of the coin is carried out by trust organizations.

How is Tether created?

The history of the creation of the coin dates back to 2015. It was then that the organization Tether Limited, at the initiative of the Bitfinex cryptocurrency exchange, issued a token. This exchange was the first to include the coin in its own listing. Almost immediately after the release, the coin joined the list of cryptocurrencies on another major US platform - Poloniex.

The founders of the organization are Bitfinex CFO Giancarlo Devasini and its CEO Philip Porter. The location of the corporation is the British Virgin Islands. At first, the coin was called Realcoin, it was ordinary and did not have the ability to compete with the well-known coins. Then a decision was made to improve it: reforms were carried out in technology, and the token received a new name. These changes were necessary to survive in the brutal world of electronic money. Thus, the Tether cryptocurrency appeared, which became comfortable for both private users and business companies.

At the end of January 2018, Bloomberg published information about the sending of the ships notice to Tether Limited and Bitfinex. It was from the Futures Trading Commission. The agenda spoke of suspicions about the real backing of Tether with an equivalent amount of the state currency of 2.3 billion USDT. In March 2019, the founders announced that the coin is being supported not only by cash, but also through loans from outstanding sister companies. And after about a month and a half, the founders again made a statement, which said that only 74 percent of the coins were backed by the US dollar. However, the story does not end with these facts, and due to the active use of the token, we have every chance to see what will happen next.

Tether features

As of the end of October 2019, experts in the world of cryptocurrency believe that Tether is gaining popularity in the format of a payment system on a par with Bitcoin and Ethereum. The same Bloomberg publication published information in which, according to information provided by Coin Payments, the size of financial transactions associated with Tether, compared to last years indicators, rose thirtyfold. In addition, USDT moved Ethereum to the third position in the list of the most used cryptocurrencies for payments.

Sean McKay at Coin Payments noted that as the cost of Tether equates to the price of $ 1, people are increasingly choosing USDT as a payment instrument in order to protect their savings from fluctuations in the exchange rate. “As a rule, sellers accepted Ethereum, Bitcoin and Ripple, and then transferred them to Tezer to protect against exchange rate volatility. They now accept payments directly in USDT, ”McKay said.

Also, according to Bloomberg, USDT is quite popular on gambling resources and in online stores that have difficulties with bank transfers. In addition, the stablecoin provides an opportunity to hedge against high fees.

A country as vast as China is recording a tremendous trading activity associated with Tezer. Traders from the Middle Kingdom are increasingly using USDT to purchase BTC. In turn, Tether Limited produced a coin backed by the offshore Chinese yuan.

Based on the information at the time of this writing, namely December 1, 2019, the price of Tether is $ 1.01.

Is Tether Infinite?

In comparison to Bitcoin, Tether is supported by the state currency held in the trust accounts of the corporation. It was developed as an alternative to fiat money and to eliminate intermediation in transactions. The main purpose of USDT is to introduce fiat finance into the blockchain by converting it into a digital code. To date, this technology is considered the most successful both for the storage and transfer of funds, and from a security point of view.

The activity of the token is supported by the reliability of relations with trust organizations and state support. USDT cryptocurrency has some peculiarities. First, it has no transaction blocks. Also, the number of tokens is limited only by investments in the accounts of the creator organization.

The transfer is carried out using financial transfers to Tether Limited accounts. The corporation produces an equivalent number of stablecoins backed by tangible assets. Users have at their disposal multiple transfers, mutual sending of coins or an exchange.

Confidentiality in the implementation of these transactions is reduced to zero due to the transfer of funds to an account where the user will need to perform the KYC procedure. For this, personal information is provided: passport information, residence address and other data. The creators have almost complete information about the customers. Thanks to the Bitcoin blockchain, transactions are carried out quite quickly.

Mining a token is impossible by existing methods due to the generation only after the currency is provided with finance.

Tether strengths

This currency is quite easy to use. Tether can be easily transferred to any wallet that supports Omni. Tezer does not charge funds for the transfer, but other exchanges or wallets can do this. To convert USDT to USD and back, the user will have to pay a small amount.

It is possible to sell or buy Tether for BTC on most cryptocurrency exchanges or using the official token platform. To use the latter, the user needs:

create an account on the site;
activate two-factor recognition, which adds an additional layer of security to your account;
confirm your account using email;
go through the verification procedure.
After completing the above steps, the user will receive an electronic wallet address, which he will use to receive coins. It is also possible to store cryptocurrency here. The minimum amount of finance for input / output is 1 token. Commission payments are not charged. In addition to this resource, many other wallets support this cryptocurrency. It is also possible to store USDT on an exchange, but in this case there is a high probability of being attacked.

Many coin holders receive income based on fluctuations in cryptocurrency rates. Stablecoin Tether can be bought at an almost fixed cost. There is no reason to hope for ups and downs. Investments in USDT can be called a 0 percent deposit. However, Tether acts as an alternative to real funds and brings huge benefits to depositors and traders. Here are the main ones:

Efficiency of transactions. Manipulations with the US dollar for deposit / withdrawal to exchanges of other countries take a rather long period of time. Moreover, working on weekends and holidays is a separate "pleasure". Financial transactions with USDT take only a few minutes, which plays an important role in trading.
Transaction costs. Transfers between countries, as a rule, involve commission payments. There may also be additional rates for converting, other write-offs of funds from the balance. Activities through cryptocurrency wallets are free of charge.
Stable price. Digital currencies are inherently volatile. Stable value benefits traders: for example, by purchasing ETH for BTC, the user receives the required number of tokens. When the price rises by 15%, the trader changes it to bitcoin in order to generate income. While the transaction is being carried out, the coin falls in price, for example, by 20%, this leads to financial losses. If a user uses Tezer, the only concern is the price of Ethereum.

Tether in TOP currencies

Thanks to the use of blockchain technology, the Tether cryptocurrency has the following advantages:

provides security from fraudsters and hacker attacks;
stability in the cryptocurrency market;
small size of the commission for the transfer of finance;
maximum transaction speed;
low volatility due to the provision of fiat funds;
the use of blockchain makes it possible to perform financial transactions with a minimum of time and material costs;
every person is able to deposit / withdraw funds without opening a bank account;
wide range of action: many sites work with Tether;
individuals and legal entities are in identical conditions.
However, in addition to its undeniable advantages, Tether also has some imperfections. The main one is the accusation that the company makes tokens out of thin air, that is, some of the coins are not backed by the state currency. Also, if you look, users are not provided with any guarantees. However, this is not a very rare occurrence in the cryptocurrency world.

Thinking about the future prospects for Tether, a mixed picture emerges. In theory, USDT can be converted into dollars at any time using the native platform. But, according to the rules declared by it, the coin is not considered finance or a means of their production, and the corporation itself does not assume the right to transfer tokens into real money. With these methods, the organization insures itself against regular restrictions. However, there are risks of losing real support.

Still, the prospects for Tether are quite promising due to the possibility of instantly transferring fiat funds to virtual ones for carrying out business activities. The tool is quite comfortable for users due to the absence of speculative issues. Due to these features, the cryptocurrency is in fourth place in the list of the most profitable tokens by December 2019, and its capitalization is $ 4,121,769,242.

Tether can be called a promising cryptocurrency that has a chance to find a worthy use in the near future. Already, many users prefer to keep their finances in USDT due to the absence of sharp volatility in the exchange rate. In any case, this cryptocurrency was the first to do a unique job: it united the world of real money with the digital currency sphere. What happens next can be seen in the near future.

The Bitcoin platform is the basis for creating an impressive number of branches. This refers to forks separated from the main blockchain on the open BTC protocol. In other words, anyone can use Bitcoin seed code to establish a personal digital currency. In fact, this procedure cannot be called elementary due to the fact that many "forks" on the cryptocurrency exchange remain unclaimed and disappear from the market over time. However, those virtual finance that have managed to strengthen themselves, become a profitable means of trading and transactions, deserve to be paid increased attention. Litecoin (LTC) can rightfully be called one of such successful examples. It is this digital currency that this material will be devoted to.

About Litecoin project

Litecoin or, as it is affectionately called on the forums, Litecoin is the cryptocurrency of the platform of the same name. It is very similar to the well-known torrents: personal computers are connected by software preinstalled on them - a Litecoin wallet. This technique is an integral network, which makes it possible to exchange digital currency without problems.

The basis for the foundation was Bitcoin, so the LTC payment system is confidential and decentralized, like the "big brother". But it should be mentioned that this currency was conceived in the format of an updated and optimized variation of Bitcoin, and not as a replacement. Litecoin was able to stay on the surface and become famous as virtual silver. Gold still belongs to Bitcoin.

Litecoin and Bitcoin are two digital currencies based on a single open source, but there are still significant differences between these financial assets:

Performance. Powerful hardware equipped with productive processors enables better Bitcoin generation. Compared to Litecoin, the performance ratio is much lower.
Reward system. Initially, the incentive for each completed block was 50 LTC, then this figure began to decrease and in 3 years it was reduced to 25 tokens.
Emission. The total number of Litecoins available through mining is 84 million, while Bitcoin has this ceiling of 21 million.
Formation of new blocks. As usual, each new block of information is produced for 2.5 minutes, which is four times faster than Bitcoin. For this reason, information about the implemented operations can be received an order of magnitude earlier.
Increasing complexity. A recalculation of the nuances regarding the generation of blocks occurs every three days. On the BTC site, this is done every 7 days.
Also of note are the various hashing algorithms. Bitcoin operates on a SHA-256 basis, while the Litecoin blockchain uses a script embodied by Colin Percival.

How is Litecoin created?

The name of Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto is shrouded in mystery. Many users wondered who it was. In relation to the Litecoin developer, everything is much clearer. Charles Lee is a very real person. He is a programmer by profession, previously worked for the giant company Google, and currently works for the Coinbase organization.

This platform was presented to the world in 2011. From the very beginning, Lee did not expect to produce a new token. His main intention was to improve BTC, which became necessary due to the negative reaction towards Bitcoin from users. Despite the sharp increase in the demand for this cryptocurrency, it was necessary to reduce the time period required to process digital transactions. In addition, the security of the token from hacker attacks left much to be desired, and it also lacked the block size.

Directly for the reasons listed above, Charles Lee began his labor activity aimed at modernizing the token, eliminating the problems that arose. Thus, on October 7, 2011, Litecoin was released - an updated type of virtual finance, but its founder, Charles Lee, insists that Litecoin date of birth is October 13.

Litecoin features

Litecoin received its first impressive success 2 years after its release. In November 2013, this digital currency had a market capitalization of $ 1 billion. By the beginning of 2017, it represented 1.5 billion US dollars, and by the middle it reached the 2 billion mark. It was then, in the midst of its own demand, that the price of Litecoin rose to $ 250. At the time of this writing, November 30, 2019, the Litecoin price was $ 47.09. Despite the not too high price, the number of users interested in LTC continues to grow, which indicates the undoubted popularity of the token. This is largely due to the creator of the coin, Charles Lee, who does not abandon his brainchild, but on the contrary, does not stop there: he modernizes and in every possible way improves the altcoin hand in hand with his team of talented developers.

If we talk about the CIS countries in the post-Soviet space, then the popularity and demand for cryptocurrencies is not too great. However, BTC and LTC are fairly well known among Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian traders.

Is Litecoin Infinite?

Also, the issue, or a limited number of tokens, can raise the value of the coin. The undoubted plus that distinguishes altcoin is the complete absence of global supervision from the management.

Also worth mentioning is the possibility of mining Litecoin. Network reconciliation is achieved using the PoW algorithm. That is, the miner solves the most difficult mathematical problem in order to generate blocks and receives a reward for this, which at the same time plays the role of issuing new coins. In total, there is a limit of 84 million tokens, the number of reward coins decreases every 840 thousand blocks. It is predicted that three quarters of all tokens will be extracted by 2020. However, mining has recently become unprofitable for ordinary users. Now it is possible to mine Litecoin with expensive equipment.

In fact, all digital currency manipulations take place through an electronic Litecoin wallet. This place can be designated as a temporary cryptocurrency warehouse. It allows any user to view absolutely all current and past transactions or check the balance. Before entering the wallet, the user will be required to enter a password, the same password is required when carrying out any transactions with digital money. Likewise, all user funds are reliably protected from interference by outsiders in transactions or malware for stealing coins, of which there are a great many.

Strengths of Litecoin

With the help of Litecoin, users are able to make any kind of settlements with participants, regardless of their location. When making a transaction, a minimum commission is charged. On the basis of this digital currency, a rather productive, improved system of payments between different countries of the world is being built.

The security of any trading procedure is provided by certain mathematical calculations. Thanks to this, many worldwide organizations successfully use this virtual finance for internal transactions, thereby creating an impressive trading turnover of cryptocurrency, which can be immediately converted into real money, fiat.

Among other things, Litecoin is in many ways similar to Bitcoin, as an example we can say about the complete confidentiality of all transactions. An unauthorized person cannot find out which user sent funds to this or that participant. This question will remain unanswered.

Absolutely all cryptocurrencies available in everyday life are similar in their ways of acquiring or selling. Any user is able to buy Litecoin in the exchanger, but the rate there may differ from the current one, plus a commission will need to be paid. It is also possible to receive coins from other users of the system. In addition, there is always the option to buy Litecoin on the cryptocurrency market. The most famous exchanges have long ago included this token in their listings.

It is possible to save finances in a digital wallet on the official website of the resource. The user only needs to go through the elementary registration procedure and open a wallet. However, it is possible to keep only litecoins in this storage, other types of crypto-money are not stored here. If the user owns several types of tokens, for example Bitcoins and Litecoins, it is better to choose a multi-currency wallet. Such a storage can support an average of 10 different tokens. In addition, Litecoin can be held on hardware wallets or on cryptocurrency exchanges. The latter is highly discouraged due to the high probability of hacking.

Litecoin in TOP currencies

Just like other digital money, Litecoin is not flawless. Mentioning this cryptocurrency, it should be understood that this is an exchange structure designed to perform instant money transactions, regardless of the users location. The name of the token suggests that, although it is a more perfect, but at the same time, a lighter version of Bitcoin. People trying to find global differences between LTC and BTC are unlikely to be able to do this due to the fact that both sites have the same blockchain and underlying open source code. However, the future prospects of Litecoin are driven by the innovations that were invented and successfully implemented by the founder of the coin. Lets consider the main ones.

Block generation in Litecoin is much faster than in Bitcoin. The time period for producing blocks is 4 times faster, which makes it possible to make the system not only instant, but also more secure.
Emission of tokens. The developer-preset limit of 84 million will sooner or later lead to a shortage of cryptocurrency, which can undoubtedly raise its value. Naturally, for such an outcome of events, the demand for Litecoin should remain.
Minimum commission payments for transactions. The price of the commission that the user has to pay to the miners for operations varies depending on the size of the blocks. The larger the block, the larger the commission payments. Comparing Litecoin with Bitcoin, it should be noted that the former has a slightly smaller block size, therefore, the commission will be small.
Faster transaction confirmation speed. It is possible to recall the episodes in which users could wait for days to confirm a BTC transaction. LTC has not experienced such delays, and it is for this reason that Litecoin today has such a number of admirers.
Also, it will not be superfluous to mention one of the main problems of Bitcoin - scalability. Despite the adjustment of this issue back in 2017, the system still serves the operations of a limited number of users. In addition, with the increasing demand for Bitcoin, transaction fees have risen. For example, when carrying out a transaction for the purchase of living space, a vehicle, payments may not be too large. But if a person decides to pay for a small purchase with cryptocurrency: to dine or buy a trinket, the commission will be high. Litecoin developers took into account all the shortcomings of Bitcoin and fixed them.

When it comes to the prospects for Litecoin, many cryptocurrency experts are quite promising. They make an unequivocal conclusion that this token will preserve its own relevance for at least the next 10 years. By December 2019, the capitalization of the currency is $ 2,868,160,131, and it itself is in sixth position in the list of the most popular tokens. There is information on the network that in the next, 2020, the price of coins may rise to 300 US dollars. True or not, it will be possible to observe in the near future.

IOTA is a promising project, the task of which is to unite technology into a single network. Iota cryptocurrency developers are helping to bring smart homes, cities and transportation systems to life.

About the project

Cryptocurrency IOTA heralded a revolution in the digital currency market. The tasks of the creators of this project included the optimization of operations that are carried out in the so-called. "Internet of things" (Internet of things). The Internet of Things is the entire set of technologies that have access to the World Wide Web. The need for such a term has arisen with the proliferation of gadgets that need an Internet connection to work correctly.

Whereas a decade ago access to the network was required for personal computers and advanced smartphones, today devices with a connectivity function are being produced on a large scale. These technologies include:

Smart watch.
Smart Homes.
Vacuum cleaners.
Refrigerators.
TVs.
Thermostats, etc.
The advantage of the Internet of Things is the option of remote control of objects. The information that things transfer to the network is stored in special storages, the owner has access to them. This discovery is important both on a domestic and industrial scale. Thanks to IoT, data is collected from oil platforms, meteorological instruments, etc. The data collected allows you to solve different types of tasks:

Build correlations of meteorological maps with industrial production.
Monitor the performance of city systems.
Process information about the state of agriculture using sensors.
The increase in gadgets leads to the natural need to develop a global network to which they are massively connected. It exchanges data and software, from which it is possible to extract monetary benefits.

IOTA developers began work on their project in 2015, initially taking a course on the Internet for gadgets. It took them a year to create a workable system, which was accompanied by testing alternative versions. A couple of months after the platform was released, the developers launched an ICO. Thanks to crowdfunding, it was possible to attract investments, which were enough to start the project and its advertising.

Iota officially entered the cryptocurrency exchange in the summer of 2017 and was a great success. The "newbie" was immediately supported by the SatoshiPay service, which preferred IOTA to the world-wide popular bitcoin. There are several objective reasons why the micropayment platform chose this cryptocurrency:

Easy to use for small to medium sized transactions.
High level of adaptability.
The option of "crushing" coins, which opens the possibility of making micropayments.
In 2019, developers are working to increase the potential uses of cryptocurrency. They contract with other companies to advance the principles of the Internet of Things. Soon it is planned to release a microprocessor, which will increase the speed of calculating transactions with digital currency.

Opportunities

The concept of Tangle, which is an electronic variation of the accounting journal, was chosen as the basis for the Iota cryptocurrency. The developers believe that in the future it will receive the status of a strong competitor to the "classic" blockchain system. The principles of the accounting journal are based on several points:

Blockchain functions move to directed acyclic graph (DAG). The structure of the graph is represented by a network of transactions.
When a new transaction is added to the network, approval is requested from a pair of previous transactions.
An indirect approval can be an intermediate section that connects two payment points (the first point indirectly approves and confirms the second point).
Nodes of the system check direct and indirect confirmations for non-conformity.
With an increase in direct and indirect confirmation of a transaction, the level of confidence of the system in this operation increases. A hypothetically large number of confirmations reduces the chance of double spending to zero. But in practice, this approach involves its own gaps. There is a theory that after gaining a high level of trust from the network, fraudsters will easily take advantage of them. Such actions can jeopardize the existence of the platform as a whole. During the existence of the network, no such hacker attacks have occurred.

The theoretical vulnerabilities of IOTA are offset by the projects unconditional achievements. These include the following benefits:

Abolition of the commission. High fees are a problem for older cryptocurrency platforms. Iota bypasses this condition by removing intermediaries in the form of miners. Account holders confirm transactions themselves.
Reducing translation times. The abandonment of intermediaries led not only to getting rid of the commission, but also to an increase in the speed of transactions. Processing transactions in real time makes transfers convenient for all users.
No limit on coins. The lack of coins and their exorbitant value is another major problem for older cryptocurrencies. Iota dealt with this factor by generating 2.8 quadrillion coins at a time. This number of coins allows them to be used to pay for micro-transactions.
Purchasing and storing IOTA is carried out on several platforms:

Cryptocurrency exchanges. The high demand for IOTA has ensured the presence of cryptocurrency on the lists of large and small exchanges. In terms of trading volume, the top three are Binance, HitBTC, Bitfinex. For experienced brokers, Iota is suitable as a means of earning money on arbitration.
Cold wallets. The creators of the project provide the Trinity wallet for miners, but its use is fraught with a number of difficulties. The main one is the lack of a fully functional version. The cold wallet is still in beta mode. It is available for download on the IOTA official website.
Brokers. Cryptocurrency trading with the involvement of brokers is mainly based on rate jumps and the ability to make money on its fall. The most popular brokers include Bitmex, FinmaxFX and NordFX.

How is created

IOTA mining does not involve the standard operations that were extended to blockchain networks. The structure of the acyclic graph does not require the presence of miners as such, since the system does not need them. Iota deliberately refuses to divide into persons who mine cryptocurrency, and those who facilitate its transfer from one wallet to another. This approach makes the mining of coins impossible.

The well-known cranes for all miners are also missing. They are called specialized Internet sites that provide registered accounts with cryptocurrency at fixed intervals. But it is too early to draw definitive conclusions about IOTA, as this currency is at the beginning of its journey. Its creators do not exclude the possibility of the emergence of methods of direct or indirect mining.

Only the developers themselves are involved in the creation of coins, who determine their total number. If the user of the platform wants to get the coins of this company, he has only one option - to purchase them on exchanges, brokers or individuals.

To start "mining" the IOTA cryptocurrency, the user downloads a special wallet at www.iota.org. Installation includes several stages:

Selecting an installation file that is suitable for a specific operating system.
Host selection.
Change of language to Russian (or any of the suggested ones).
Creates a key that starts at 62 characters.
Insert the key into the window.
IOTA provides two options for applications - for personal computers and for smartphones. The smartphone app is in beta as developers continue to tweak it.

Is IOTA endless?

IOTA resources remain open. All that analysts know at the moment is the number of coins on the market, which is 2 779 530 283 pieces. However, there is a lack of information on two important topics:

How many coins were sold during the fundraising process for launching a project (ICO).
Have there been “wholesale” sales of coins to private buyers?
Therefore, the official figures that are given on Internet resources remain formal. The assumption that a significant percentage of coins are owned by individuals has its supporters. Within the framework of this theory, it follows that a limited number of people have leverage to manipulate the IOTA rate and the cryptocurrency market.

Iota opacity does not allow an unambiguous answer to the question of whether to invest in the coins of this company and contribute to the development of the project. The future of the platform depends on the path taken by technological progress. If the Internet of Things is supported at the global level, IOTA will be able to claim a leading position in the crypto market. This scenario of the future could lead to a complete rejection of blockchain and mining technologies.

Strengths

The global advantage of IOTA is rethinking the technologies that bitcoin and other older cryptocurrencies were based on. Among the obstacles that the company has successfully overcome are:

Abolition of communities of miners. To work with blockchain networks, miners united in groups to make money on operations with coins more efficiently. The proliferation of communities put the platform at risk of a 51% attack. Iota acts on the cause of the problem and removes the very possibility of such an attack.
Transaction speed limits. Older systems involved more or less translation time. The speed of transactions could not increase above the values that were dictated by technical capabilities. IOTA has moved away from standard network scaling and simplified transactions by reducing its participants.
Uncontrolled growth of databases. Regular transactions led to an avalanche-like growth of information, which sharply raised the question of how to store it. IOTA offers an alternative data encryption method.
Constant growth of commissions. Bitcoin miners are faced with the problem of increasing the percentage of transactions that are paid to intermediaries. The Tangle technology does not issue new coins, and therefore does not need any commission fees.
High value of coins. The high cost of bitcoins is their advantage and disadvantage at the same time. These coins are not suitable for small payments. IOTA offers an option to split its coins, thanks to which you can get the required amount.
Today, the IOTA network gives users the ability to transfer amounts that are equal to 0.001 cents. This means that in the near future, coins will be used to perform everyday tasks: launching technical programs, opening taps, etc.

IOTA in TOP currencies

By the end of 2019, the capitalization of the IOTA cryptocurrency exceeded the $ 1.5 billion mark. Analysts believe that the likelihood of crowding out bitcoins by Tangle technology is high. The main advantage of Iota is its versatility - the currency can be used to conduct large transactions or fast and small payments.

Great prospects in the cryptocurrency market are confirmed by the number of contracts that the company has concluded in recent years:

IOTA is participating in a five-year smart city project. Within its framework, technologies aimed at energy conservation are being developed in 7 cities of the European Union.
Refunite Database decides to migrate to IOTA.
The fund Robert Bosch Venture Capital GmbH becomes the investor of the project.
Jaguar is moving to smart contracts based on technology developed by IOTA. In the future, the company plans to create an analogue of a smart wallet for cars.
Global manufacturer Avery Dennison Corporatio enters into partnership with IOTA.
Now Iota is in 20th place in the rating of cryptocurrencies from Invest Rating. The cryptocurrency rate is notable for its stability, which allows it to maintain positions.

A lot of scandals revolve around the Tezos cryptocurrency since its inception. Despite its controversial reputation, this digital currency is a promising alternative to Bitcoin and Ethereum. The company has experienced a number of ups and downs, after which it took good positions on the top crypto exchanges.

About the project

For the first time, Arthur and Caitlin Braitman thought about creating their own cryptocurrency more than 8 years ago. 2011 marks the first preparatory stages for the implementation of the idea. Active work on the project began only 3 years later. In 2015, the spouses decide several important issues:

technical foundations of cryptocurrency;
registration of legal documents;
preparation of WhitePaper - an official message containing the main provisions of the project.
The ICO was launched in mid-2017. As a result of the launched campaign, the developers managed to raise more than $ 230 million in a short time. This result brought the Tezos project the status of one of the most successful - taking into account all the previous cryptocurrencies. Each user could participate in the primary distribution, since the creators did not provide for restrictions.

There was only one rule for investors. They will not use Tezos coins in transactions for four months after the end of fundraising. The Braitmans were late with the launch of the digital currency, which caused confusion among those who supported the idea. The couple even had to face a string of lawsuits from outraged investors who felt cheated.

The developers made themselves felt in the summer of 2018 when they announced the launch of the platform for the Tezos cryptocurrency in beta mode. But the outflow of disappointed depositors brought its negative consequences - the positions of the XTZ token fell significantly. The previous owners of the coins tried to get rid of them in order to compensate for their losses.

Today, the main characters in the Tezos team are:

Arthur Braitman is a founder of the company with experience at Google X and Goldman Sachs.
Caitlin Braitman is a co-founder of the company who has worked for R3, the Wall Street Journal and Accenture.
Ryan Jespersen is an investor in the project who later became the head of the Tezos T2 Foundation. He helped to strengthen the company and did not let it "fall apart" during the period of legal and financial problems.

Opportunities

The Tezos platform was conceived by the developers as a decentralized system that is capable of self-government through the technologies used in smart contracts. The Braitman project resembles Ethereum algorithms in structure and way of work. At the same time, Tezos gets rid of some of the shortcomings that were inherent in Ethereum (a type of on-chain governance).

The modular design of the platform provides the option of adding corrections to the protocols. An enhanced version of consensus (PoS) is used to change protocols. All netizens have the right to vote on the application of any changes.

Self-renewal of the network allows Tezos cryptocurrency to take a special position in the market. The architecture of this coin is divided into three sections:

network protocol;
transaction protocol;
consensus protocol.
These protocols are independent of each other and can work in isolation. For example, the network protocol can be updated without affecting the operation of other sections of the platform. This feature is explained by the Ocaml programming language, which was chosen as the basis for Tezos.

The revolution that cryptocurrency has made is the choice of an alternative consensus algorithm. If Bitcoin and similar digital currencies stopped at Proof-of-work, then the Braitmans were the first to switch to DPoS. The short meaning of DPoS is to divide platform participants into two groups - voting and validating. The user can nominate himself for the position of the validator ("approver" of transactions), after which a vote will be held.

The use of Delegated proof-of-stake enables the implementation of a Gouvernance approach that increases user engagement in the future of the platform. Participants are given the right to vote and comment on desired innovations. But this right belongs only to those persons who are owners of XTZ. An additional benefit of DPoS is the acceleration of transactions.

How Tezos is created

The company has developed a separate name for the mechanisms for creating and confirming blocks, which sounds like "Baking" or baking. From a technical point of view, this process is analogous to mining. The individuals who take part in creating the blocks are called "bakers" or "bakers". Bakers provide the very possibility of the existence of a PoS consensus, since they act as guarantors of the conducted verifications. Thanks to them, the chances of double-spending attacks are reduced.

If a platform participant wants to "conduct" the system, the system will deprive him of the deposit. XTZ tokens are bonuses for bakers conscientious fulfillment of their tasks. Each user can claim to be a "baker". To do this, he needs to leave a request on the website tezos.com, which will be reviewed in the near future.

Baking consists of three sequential stages:

The algorithm selects coins that will subsequently take part in the creation of blocks.
The owners of these coins are notified that their coins have been selected for this task in about a month. They will be required to make a deposit. The size depends on the number of blocks that the participant will then create.
The amount entered by the user is frozen. Its defrosting occurs after the participant copes with his task. After that, a bonus for successful work is added to the user account.
The average bakers income for taking part in the formation of blocks is about 30% of the size of the deposit. In WhitePapers, the deposit is called a promissory note. He is one of the guarantors that the user will honestly perform the function assigned to him.

To improve the formal validation of online operations, developers built a smart contract environment from scratch based on Michelson. Mathematical verification operations are responsible for the correctness of the computer codes that are used by the platform. A similar method is used in banking and aerospace.

Is Tezos endless?

At the time of the ICO, the cryptocurrency was endless. The developers wanted to attract more investors to their project, and therefore chose the option of issuing tokens on an unlimited scale. Subsequently, this strategic decision brought significant losses to the companys leaders. The constant increase in coins was followed by market glut. The result of these manipulations was a sharp drop in the cryptocurrency rate.

Strengths

The main advantage of Tezos cryptocurrency is its versatility. The goal of the developers was to create a platform that would be able to overcome all the dilemmas affecting distribution networks. Other pluses of the system include the following:

Forks abolished. They are carried out by systems in order to correct the operation of the protocol. The team proposed to get rid of the use of the project code base to start others, thereby eliminating forks as such. In the Tezos system, all protocols work independently of each other, do not interfere with codes of other levels.
The use of smart contracts that involve formal verification. The presence of a virtual machine designed specifically for Tezos is one of the reasons for the platform to work correctly. The Michelson language is involved in the creation of smart contracts that minimize errors in computer codes.
Application and improvement of the PoS algorithm. The algorithm has three obvious advantages: it "eats" less energy resources, shortens the token transfer period and reduces the risk of a 51% attack.
Developed voting system. The Tezos platform welcomes the active participation of users in the life of projects. The network is built so that participants can not only vote for certain innovations, but also propose their own. This communication method is applied in practice thanks to the DPoS algorithm.
Openness of the platform for new ideas. The Tezos team accepts suggestions from independent experts to help improve the system. For the proposal to receive the green light, platform users must vote for it. Developers reward participants for being innovative.

The project also has weaknesses, but their number does not outweigh the positive aspects. The controversial aspects of the project include two points:

The platform structure is based on a rare programming language. Ocaml has low popularity among modern digital projects, and therefore has a small number of followers. This factor reduces the target audience of programmers who could contribute to the development of the project.
Unlimited issuance of tokens during the crowdfunding period led to a depreciation of the tokens. Non-stop emission naturally leads to market oversaturation. The consequence of this short-sighted policy was a drop in the value of XTZ and a decrease in the number of buyers.

Tezos in TOP currencies

By the end of 2019, Tezos is ranked 15th in the cryptocurrency rating, which is provided by the CoinMarketCap resource. Over the entire period of being on the digital market, the price of one coin increased to $ 11.21. This was the cost of the coin at the beginning of 2018 - until the moment of the massive outflow of investors from the project. Already in July of the same year, the price of the coin dropped several times and reached $ 1.69. The drop in the course coincided with the announcement of the testnet launch by the developers.

Investors expected to see a final product from the company that can be used, but were disappointed. The novelty of the Tezos cryptocurrency is its strong point, since the team still has time to accelerate. The scandalous history of the project did not make him the best reputation. Therefore, today Tezos is not represented on all exchanges. The cryptocurrency is supported by about 20 exchanges, among which are:

Binance;
Bitfinex;
Kraken;
Coinbase Pro;
Huobi.
Tezos coins can be exchanged for coins of other cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoin and Ethereum) or for US dollars. There are several ways to store XTZ tokens. This option is available for Ledger and Trezor hardware safes or the official TezBox wallet. The presence of accounts in TezBox and Ledger gives platform users the right to participate in baking.

The problems that accompanied the development of the cryptocurrency did not prevent the company from concluding a number of lucrative partnership contracts. Today Tezos partners include:

OCaml Labs - the company facilitates the study of the selected programming language by the Tezos team. It provides developers with enhanced access to its library.
Inria is a French institute that specializes in the study of computer science. Experts check the codes developed by Tezos for possible errors.
IMDEA is a project that is interested in the creation of research centers and universities in Madrid. In the context of the collaboration, Tezos is funding a range of training programs for students who specialize in blockchain at the Technical University of Madrid.
PwC Switzerland is an audit services company. The companys specialists conduct an external audit of financial transactions by the company.
Tezos future remains hazy for many analysts and investors. Some experts see this cryptocurrency as a way to overthrow the all-powerful Bitcoin. Others believe Teizos will live on a par with the leading digital currencies.

About Huobi Token

Huobi Token (HT) is a unique token from the world famous cryptocurrency exchange Huobi Pro, based on the ERC-20 standard. It allows you to reduce the commission for trading operations on the platform, and also takes part in the formation of the points system in the process of adding new coins to the exchange.

The launch of its own coin by an already popular company is due to several factors. The cryptocurrency made it possible to launch its own loyalty system on the resource, allowing participants to enjoy various privileges: reduced commission, bonus systems, VIP-class referral programs.

Also, tokens can be used as assets for voting on the exchange. Since Huobi HADAX helps promote promising projects that are not listed in the main resource, the list of the best is formed precisely through voting. That is, users choose the tokens that they would like to see presented on the exchange, paying for a test drive to the creators. This is a kind of investment in the development of the main project.

For those companies that want to exhibit their project, it will be necessary to make a certain amount of the deposit. It acts as a guarantor for users in the event of delisting.

Another reason that prompted the creators to present their own token is the desire to design a stable and promising currency that will be interconnected with the main project, the exchange, to help in its development, preventing inflation.

Huobi Token is a young project. Back in early 2018, it was possible to purchase 1000 tokens for $ 990, that is, the cost of one coin was 99 cents. A month later, the value grew to almost $ 1.5, since the token was presented in the public domain on the market. Another growth was seen in the first week of trading, and the interest of the cryptocurrency public and traders raised the value to $ 2.37. The next few months, the currency showed the expected results: there were no sharp jumps, the price remained stable.

But in May 2018, there was an unexpected surge. Then the price increased to $ 4.27, and the capitalization managed to grow to 213 million. In response to this, the creators decided to correct all processes, which contributed to a slight drop to $ 3.75 and a decrease in capitalization to 187 million. A similar situation was repeated in early summer: first, the cryptocurrency reached its all-time high - $ 6.1 and a turnover of $ 300 million, and then again dropped in price by 30%.

The great start and perspective attracted new users, but this instability, which had emerged over a short period, also repelled them. By the fall, such leaps had stopped, but the digital currency had already begun to fall in the rankings. Capitalization fell to 80 million, the price fluctuated around $ 1.77. The beginning of 2019 was not promising: the stagnation not only lasted, but also worsened, reducing the turnover to 40 million, and the cost of the coin to 90 cents. One of the factors that provoked such a failure was the closure of the companys office in Australia, because users were simply afraid to invest in a scandalous and unstable project.

This gave the developers new goals. Already in early spring 2019, the company announced its intention to release the Houbi Prime platform, which would give cryptocurrency owners access to choose among other coins and become their first buyers. Of course, this could not fail to attract participants, so all indicators began to grow rapidly. By mid-March, the exchange rate settled at $ 1.8, and by the end of the month it reached more than $ 2.5.

Many critics at this moment expected another failure of the company, but the creators skillfully prevented panic by presenting new projects. It was the mechanism for working with a collective dispersed economy - the NewTon Project. A month later, information appeared about the Reserve Protocol - a resource for interacting with stablecoins. Summer - FastTrack - user voting system for listing new coins. All this to a large extent allowed to consolidate the position of the coin in the world market. Therefore, the current performance of the coin varies around $ 4. The latest data points to an attractive positive trend: the cryptocurrency made it into the CoinMarketCap rating at 37th place, although at the beginning of the year it could not even be classified in the top 50. The current exchange rate is more than $ 4.7 with a capitalization of 240+ million and positive daily dynamics.

Huobi Token Features

Since the HT coin was created as an internal cryptocurrency of the site, aimed at solving the problems of the exchange, its functionality is limited to transactions within the same network, there is no use for external payments, purchases, etc.

Huobi itself is a platform originally from China, which for a long time acted in favor of the local market, but serious problems arose in 2017, when the countrys government decided to regulate processes in the field of the crypto industry. The first stage is the prohibition of ICOs, the introduction of restrictions on the functioning of trading platforms on which various digital assets are presented. Then similar sanctions were applied to Huobi. Their office had to be moved from Beijing to Singapore. These bans affected the attendance and success of the project.

The company was soon renamed Huobi Pro and then Huobi Global. The new version of the development was supposed to help establish trade financial ties between Asia and America. But the situation was disappointing. The trading level fell, which led the company to the decision to create a currency.

It is important to say that cryptocurrency is not automatically credited to the accounts of participants, for

the loyalty program must be paid. Account replenishment is carried out monthly, determined by the account level. For example, the initial payment is 120 coins and gives a 10% discount, and level 5 users are forced to give 12 thousand coins, but this reduces the commission for operations in half.

Coming back to the instability in the state, the company decided not to conduct an ICO in favor of IEO, and the named VIP-regime was put into effect at the end of January 2018. Then the minimum package contained 100 coins. 60% of the presented coins sold out in literally half a month, because crypto traders responded positively to the projects instruments and began to buy up currency in order to use it to pay commissions on the exchange. For a time, only holders willing to buy and sell paid attention to the development, but soon larger investors joined them.

How is Huobi Token created?

HT cryptocurrency cannot be mined through mining. Initially, the creators presented the development on the Ethereum blockchain and formed an emission of 500 million coins. 60% of this number fell into the distribution, 40% was invested in a fund for further development.

At the moment, there are about 50 million coins in use, which can only be obtained through a purchase on the exchange. More than half of all transactions are carried out on Huobi Global, which offers the most pairs, but the rest of the coins are distributed among major platforms from Asia: CHAOEX, DradonEX, BKEX.

The company has provided several options for storing coins:

saving in an account on the Huobi platform;
in a wallet that supports the ERC-20 cryptocurrency standard;
in the official wallet from the company, which is made for both iOS and Android.
Storage on the exchange itself is not reliable enough, because all the processes with state regulation of the digital finance sector have not yet been completed, and therefore it is likely that at one point all accounts will be frozen. The use of third-party wallets makes it impossible to participate in the referral program. It is in the official utilities that the benefit lies.

Of course, experts recommend using the official HuobiWallet holder as it provides the greatest security. It is a multi-currency wallet that allows transactions with over 1000 digital currency assets. It makes it possible not only to save the currency, but also to monitor its condition, since the system displays market dynamics on the screen.

All this suggests that the Huobi cryptocurrency wallet is the best option, which is suitable not only for trading, but also for the depositors themselves.

Is Huobi Token Infinite?

Since the cryptocurrency is strictly limited to a certain emission, we should talk about the impossibility of endless use of coins. But then two questions are relevant: how long can the use of the existing number be, given that the turnover is possible only within the system and does not go beyond the network to pay for any services, and what is the likelihood that the creators will not decide to launch some more coins in everyday life.

Strengths of Huobi Token

Leon Lee, team leader, set the following goals for the project:

increase the loyalty of registered users;
attract the attention of new members;
improve the situation and increase the platforms rating.
Speaking about a special loyalty program, it is worth saying what the network members get:

reduced commissions: a small amount of commission is provided for users for transactions that are used within the system;
Convenient mechanisms for trading cryptocurrency: more than 30 HT pairs with other currencies and fiat are posted on the exchange, which makes it the most convenient and used altcoin on the platform;
investment safety: a convenient system has been created on the platform for the redemption of 20% of coins from the market with further transfer to the Investor Protection Fund, so all saved savings can be used to pay out to network members in case of unexpected hacks, attacks;
loyalty system: currency owners receive a privilege in the form of the ability to be the first to buy new coins from the exchange and even receive them without investment;
the ability to vote: holders can vote to include new altcoins in the listing, thereby deciding the fate of the coins.

Huobi Token in TOP currencies

The main purpose of the token is to improve the situation of the parent exchange. The creators did not plan to create a currency with high volatility, extraordinary algorithms or increased prospects. Their task was to form a stable own asset, which will be a convenient tool on the site itself. This principle initially focuses not on high ratings and demand, but on supporting existing plans.

According to experts, such sharp fluctuations in the exchange rate should not be expected in the near future: the price is unlikely to exceed $ 5 for the entire 2019, and by 2020 it is predicted to rise to $ 6. This suggests that Huobi Token will be an excellent option for investments for a short period, but interest in the project is fueled by the companys strategy to buy back 20% of tokens on a quarterly basis, thereby increasing the value of the remaining ones due to the growth of their value. But such periods can also be used for your own benefit.

Long-term deposits are reasonable only for network participants who have VIP status, because they can use all the assets received to pay commission amounts and to obtain other privileges within the system. HT differs significantly from other digital assets in that its development is not influenced by listing on some third-party exchanges. The main growth stimulator is the development of the exchange itself. At the moment, the site has established itself as a reliable and promising mechanism, which means that more and more users prefer Huobi Global and wish to become members of the network. The situation is the same in the investor world.

NEO is a controversial project that combines cutting edge technology with a privacy ban. The platform attracts criticism from the crypto community, but maintains a leading position in the ratings of cryptocurrencies.

About the project

The creators of the NEO project conceived it as a "smart economy" that includes digital identity and business process automation. When choosing a development path, the developers decided to follow in the footsteps of Ethereum, complementing and developing its structure. For the use of the technology of this digital currency, NEO in narrow circles is called "Chinese Ethereum".

The project is based on three components:

platform for developing smart contracts;
platform for transferring any type of cryptocurrency and digital assets without intermediaries;
a platform for digital confirmation of a physical asset or user.
The first mentions of the NEO cryptocurrency date back to 2014. It was created as part of the Antshares project, and only three years later received its final name. The attraction of initial investments in the idea took place in early July 2017. During the ICO period, the developers set a small price for 1 coin, it did not exceed $ 0.036.

The developers managed to collect 100 million tokens, half of which they invested in crowdfunding. The remaining 50 million were left under the control of the creators of NEO. The funds that the creators of the cryptocurrency left for the regulation of the platforms board were frozen for at least 3.5 months. In mid-October 2017, coins became available for any transactions.

The NEO project is built on three actors who play a decisive role in its promotion:

Da Hongfei. He is the CEO of the company. He got carried away with the technological features of bitcoin in 2011, after which he planned to launch his own currency. Prior to opening the company, he was the director of a large company IntPass Consulting.
Eric Jean. He holds the position of technical director. His areas of expertise are blockchain technology and computer security. Eric also acted as an information systems auditor. His contribution to the development of NEO is to create a unique algorithm for reaching consensus.
Tony Tao. Combines the positions of General Secretary and Vice President of the Strategic Planning Department at Onchain. Prior to joining NEO, Tony proved himself to be the creator of the X-Order system, which is also related to the blockchain.

Opportunities

When creating the Neo cryptocurrency, the team members were united to launch a full-fledged ecosystem. It could provide reliable transfer of digital assets between network participants. The "natural" function of Neo is a cross-chain transaction. Ethereum overtakes Neo in the ranking of platforms that enable dApps and ICO launches.

Today, developers continue to work on launching a decentralized application that would work correctly in the Neo environment. The company does not hide its pro-government orientation. Previously, Neo was developed with and for the state. Therefore, the project deliberately abandoned such an important component as the confidentiality of participants.

Other development vectors that cryptocurrency creators are working on include:

Algorithm for reaching consensus. In 2019, Neo supports the Proof-of-work algorithm, but in the near future it will be replaced by Proof-of-stake. The point of the transition is to make transactions cheaper and faster. Consensus making is based on the dBFT algorithm.
Data processing speed. The network takes 1000 TPS to process transactions, while Ethereum (for comparison) has a speed of only 15 TPS. The developers plan to increase the speed indicators tenfold.
Lack of parallel branches. Neo has overcome one of Ethereums most significant shortcomings - parallel branches. The proliferation of such branches threatens the security and reliability of user data. The dBFT technology made it possible to eliminate this possibility completely.
Token specialization. The Neo system provides for two types of tokens - NEO and GAS. NEO is the main asset, and GAS exists in the form of fees that are paid on coin transfers.
Programming language. Today, Neo developers rely on six languages to create smart contracts and do not plan to stop there. Ethereum provides only one language for contracts, which was developed specifically for this platform.
Optimization of smart contracts. Neo pays special attention to improving the characteristics of a smart contract before its launch. The only drawback of this solution is the slowdown in contract execution.

How is created

A distinctive feature of the Neo cryptocurrency is its centralization. Blocks are created by 7 nodes, most of which belong to the Neo Foundation. The other two nodes are owned by its partners. At the end of 2018, executives shared their vision for further decentralization:

By the end of 2019, five nodes owned by the company will be replaced by nodes from other companies that have proven their reliability. New operators will be selected by voting.
If the vote is successful, the developers will continue to increase the number of nodes using similar methods. Despite its effectiveness, the proposed option still did not suit the crypto community.
The Neo cryptocurrency is based on the tokens of the same name, which have the status of the main asset of the platform. The NEO coin has several characteristics:

It is used by users to participate in voting.
It is a "tool" for obtaining NeoGas tokens, which are intended for smart contracts.
Not subject to further division. The minimum calculation unit is 1 NEO.
To get NeoGas, the platform user must have at least 2000 NEO. With such a balance, the number of NeoGas tokens will increase by one every day. If the account increases to 20,000 NEO, then NeoGas will be accrued tenfold (10 NeoGas per day).

The positive side of centralization is the ability to create one of the most secure vaults. NeoFS distributed storage involves splitting large files into fixed segments. After separation, each part is sent to a separate unit. The main problem of storage is the lack of balance between the high requirements for the storage method and their practical necessity. Developers are expected to increase the flexibility of the approaches that NeoFS uses.

The developers paid special attention to the creation of protection mechanisms that will prevent attacks from quantum computers with the latest chips. The defense mechanism is called NeoQS. This degree of protection was ahead of its time and is irrelevant at the time of 2019. Technologies that use open source RSA and ECC algorithms do not face quantum threats. But in the near future, these developments will show their effectiveness.

Is Neo endless?

All Neo coins that are in circulation were created using premine. There is no information on new "shipments" of coins. This rule does not apply to NeoGas. Its emission is carried out using mining in the Proof-of-stake format. The generation of new blocks is accompanied by new GAS coins. Today the system has 100 million GAS.

Neo strengths

The Neo project is recognized as one of the most serious "newcomers" in the field of digital currency. The advantages of this platform include the following:

Originality of the concept. When creating Neo, they thought extremely broadly: they took not the payment mechanism as a starting point, but an independent ecosystem. The crypto space knows no other experiments to create a "smart economy".
Application of the latest technologies. The unique solutions offered by the developers include a digital identification system, cross-chain environment and prevention of quantum hacks.
Reasonableness of passive earnings. When a user of the platform accumulates a fixed amount of NEO tokens, GAS tokens are automatically credited to his account. The accrued amount is proportional to the accumulated NEO tokens.
Technology availability. Neo is based on common programming languages. The choice towards popular languages is explained by the desire to attract the creators of the project to a wide group of developers who can write smart contracts on their own.
Fast execution of transactions. Today Neo ranks among the most "high speed" systems, along with Tron and Eos. This indicator favorably distinguishes Neo from large projects like Bitcoin or Ethereum.
Antiquantum protection system. The creation of the NeoQS profile protocol makes it possible to protect platform data from computers with a 49-qubit quantum chip.
The project also has problems. Neo weak points include the following:

Lack of decentralization. The company does not hide from users the monopoly on nodes to which it adheres. The creators plan to expand the number of nodes and add new owners, but these actions will not change the structure itself.
Control of participants actions. The second factor is users lack of privacy rights. Before using the network, a person undergoes full identification using documents.
Transaction speed limits. The time spent on transferring coins has its own limits. Neo limit is 10,000 transactions per second. With the development of technology, this parameter may change.
Lack of micropayments. The impossibility of transfers to small amounts is explained by the indivisibility of the token. The minimum amount for a transaction is 1 NEO.

NEO in TOP currencies

At the end of 2019, NEO is ranked 18th in the cryptocurrency ranking provided by CoinMarketCap. Compared to the beginning of the same year, it dropped by two positions. The downgrade coincided with an increase in value. At the end of November 1 NEO can be purchased for $ 9.43. Capitalization is $ 665,011,724.

The highest value of Neo was recorded in 2018, when the coin was purchased for $ 196.85. Today the coin price has dropped more than 20 times. But such a decline affected all currencies due to a decrease in user interest.

The digital currency Neo is represented on all major crypto exchanges. You can exchange coins for other types of cryptocurrencies, stablecoins and fiat currencies. To store coins, the developers have provided three options for wallets:

NEON-Wallet;
NEO-CLI;
NEO-GUI.
All links to these wallets are located on the official website of the company. Some miners store currencies on exchanges, but this decision comes with high risks. Also, exchanges do not assume automatic GAS accrual.

An indicator of the demand for Neo is a large number of large partners. The three organizations that have entered into an agreement include:

Alibaba. The company invests its funds in a cryptocurrency project, has an agreement on the use of specific tools for the blockchain.
Microsoft China. Like Alibaba, Microsoft is an investor in Neo.
AdEx. The platform is designed for posting ads. Her contribution to the development of Neo lies in the application of smart contracts based on platform technologies.
Due to the lack of confidentiality, not only private companies, but also states are interested in the Neo project. There are rumors that Russia is planning to join cooperation with the platform.

Ethereum is a cryptocurrency that is founded as a platform for the even distribution of blockchain services based on smart contracts. Each participant in the process can independently launch a project to introduce a new token or currency. Open source allows you to create a standalone decentralized application that will be interesting to many users and bring significant profits.

About Ethereum

The Ethereum blockchain is required to create applications with a decentralized system of work. The functionality of the platform allows you to guarantee a high level of security for all participants in the process. Specially developed technology protects against any type of hacker attacks. Additionally, a kind of "immunity" has been developed from outside interference, since the conditions of a created or active contract cannot be modified.

Regular new technical implementations allow Ethereum to take a leading position in the crypto market. On the platform, several applications are launched simultaneously, without failures, using different programming languages. As a result, it is now technically much easier to issue tokens and other types of blockchain-based crypts.

The entire application process is based on using the Ethereum cryptocurrency within the network, which has no restrictions on the emission of coins.

In the digital economy, this is an opportunity to conduct transactions, invest assets of different values and directions without legal red tape. In the financial world, Ethereum electronic coins occupy a special place in cryptocurrency transactions, which take about thirty seconds.

Cryptocurrency can be mined, digital coins are issued by solving certain problems and opening blocks. Sale and other types of transactions are carried out on exchange resources, in online exchangers.

How is Ethereum created?

The idea of founding a decentralized platform Ethereum belongs to V. Buterin. The first publication describing the process of creating a universal product was published in 2013, while the development of the crypto model began in 2011. From the moment of the public presentation of the project to its release, it took about one and a half years to develop the concept.

A team of four people was involved in the development and implementation of Ethereum: V. Buterin himself, as well as M. Alize, E. di Loriot, Ch. Hoskinson. The company was founded in Switzerland, where the legislation is quite liberal in relation to electronic means and blockchain technology.

In 2014, fundraising began - crowdfunding. The financial sector appreciated the capabilities of the virtual platform, with particular attention drawn to smart contracts and transactions.

In 2015, in the summer, the Ethereum platform began to work in an active mode, attracting investors of different levels.

Despite the huge variety of crypts, it is Ethereum that stands out as a multifunctional system that allows you to create, implement, and use the entire range of opportunities in the cryptocurrency market.

Ethereum features

On the basis of the Ethereum platform, an increasing number of applications are being created every year, which are the basis for creating additional branches that help improve and develop the service. Today, you can buy goods and get some services by paying with Ethereum crypto. Due to the growing popularity of the project, the rate increases accordingly, the scope of application of Ethereum expands, the currency ranks second in terms of capitalization, which indicates an increase in the popularity of the use of crypto in the world market.

Ethereum cost for the period 2015-2019 taking into account the trading volume fluctuated from $ 1.34 in August 2015 and reached $ 149.51 by December 2019. Ethereum prospects can be seen in the annual profitability, the current growth in the value of the cryptocurrency is about 9999.99 since its release.

Ethereum price fluctuates regularly, losses and increases in value are visible, although in general, the popularity of this crypto is not radically reduced. Today, the introduction of new projects on the Ethereum platform is visible; in the future, this crypt will completely change the financial world, remove the influence of an intermediary on the economic system.

Is Ethereum Infinite?

The Ethereum network structure itself allows not only using, but also transferring information to store certain data. Smart contracts operate within the system, grouping information into a single channel. The flexible infrastructure of the blockchain helps to conduct experiments as it interacts with almost all programming languages. A simple code and an open system make the crypt accessible to users of various fields. The speed of data processing takes the crypt to a leading position. Applications that interact with other types of cryptocurrency work perfectly on the platform.

As a result, Ethereum can be said to have brought together computer applications and helped products effectively interact with each other. The crypt used within the network helps the project to develop, improving the technological process and increasing the security of transactions.

In fact, the Ethereum coin operates inside a virtual mechanism, where each participant painlessly uses existing resources and exchanges the necessary funds.

If you look at the global financial system, you can see how the dollar bill affects the economies of almost all countries. No one can refuse to use fiat money, as this will practically close all trade routes on the world stage. Ethereum is the solution to this kind of problem. The transaction is not affected by any external or internal blockade. Here you can trade absolutely safely with minimal commission fees, which significantly affects the final cost of the product as a whole.

Security is one of the main aspects of using the cryptocurrency sphere. Network storage of stocks, bonds and other securities in various virtual, one might say, "banks" will minimize financial losses of companies, organizations and individuals.

Today Ethereum is participating in the formation of a digital economy that would ensure the security of deposits and transactions. Developing on a global scale, the cryptocurrency market has already been able to reduce user costs by removing the intermediary system itself.

Ethereum transactions are fully encrypted. The principle of operation of the mechanism is based on calculating a payment to the miner who opened the block. Each transfer is confirmed by an individual key of the participant in the process. The information about the completed transaction is stored in the blockchain.

Ethereum price changes depending on the number of transactions carried out over a certain period. To conduct a transaction, the user must have not only a crypt on the account, but also a special currency that displays the cost of the commission - Gas. Upon completion of transactions, Gas is returned back as it is closely related to Ethereum coins.

For a successful transaction, you need to have and offer a high amount of Gas in order to attract a miner, who in the end also receives a good reward.

In the Ethereum system, certain requirements are imposed on transactions:

RLP only format;
digital signature;
full compliance of the record in the registered account with the data of the person making the transfer.
In the network of this crypt, logs (logs) are always kept, by which the transaction is monitored or viewed. Operations are recorded in the general directory, where you can also get information about the actions taken on the transfer, exchange of funds.

All transactions in Ethereum begin when the contract is launched by external accounts that have a personal key and account. When implementing operations, a virtual service starts automatically to transfer information about the transaction being performed. This algorithm allows you to see where and when coins are transferred. If necessary, the participant can cancel the transaction if the transaction takes longer than an hour. It is best to restart the service and raise the Gas amount in order to attract buyers, since transactions are primarily carried out with large players.

Strengths of Ethereum

Today, you can buy or exchange Ethereum on all exchanges and cryptocurrency exchangers. On the basis of Ethereum, several types of tokens have been formed and are being actively developed to work within a certain service. According to stock exchanges, the payback of a digital coin is about 2600% and is constantly growing. As of November 2019, the weighted average cryptocurrency rate is at around $ 150.09.

The schedule of loss and increase in value in November 2019 is intermittent. Ethereum 2.0 updates are expected to be released in early 2020. This step will allow the participants of transactions to conduct several thousand transactions in one second, create productive technologies to increase the level of security of transactions in the network. At the same time, the implementation of transactions will become cheaper, which will lead to a decrease in the commission for using tokens. It is also expected to switch the algorithm of the platform from PoW to PoS, which will lead to lower electricity costs when mining coins.

The introduction of new updates will help Ethereum continue to actively develop. As a result, blockchain tokens can become equivalent to securities, guaranteeing income to investors. The only condition for greater growth in popularity is the introduction of legislative regulations that allow the full-scale development of the digital economy in the global market arena.

It is impossible to predict the 100% growth of any cryptocurrency, since the electronic market cannot boast of stable characteristics. Basically, the prospect of a rise or fall in the value of coins depends on the optimization of the introduction of technological innovations that will positively affect the exchange rate. Demand depends on the efficiency of the platform as a whole.

Ethereum in TOP currencies

Having analyzed the crypto market, in principle, it is better to buy Ethereum in order to generate an asset now. If in 2020 new technologies are introduced with the promised prospects of turnover, then the rate for the crypto will already be about 700-1500 dollars, and this is already a good indicator for the acquisition of Ethereum in December 2019 at the rate of 142 dollars. The cryptocurrency is in second place in the list of the most popular tokens, and the capitalization is 15 445 080 685 dollars. Although here, one should not forget about the possibility of technical problems arising when introducing innovations of the blockchain system, which can negatively affect the popularity of the crypt and lead to a change in pricing policy.

Recently, there has been an increased excitement around the cryptocurrency. And this is no accident. It is caused by the popularity of the most popular and recognizable cryptocurrency - Bitcoin. Many consider it to be a full-fledged payment instrument. But is it really so? In addition, for many years in a row, there have been disputes over who became the creator of Bitcoin. According to the official version, it was Satoshi Nakamoto. To understand what kind of virtual currency it is, it is worth delving into the history of its creation, and it is really interesting and very stormy.

About the Bitcoin project

Bitcoin is a digital currency. It has no physical counterpart. But there are special registers that take into account how many and who has such coins. The name of such magazines is blockchains. You can make a comparison and make an analogue with a regular bank, or rather, non-cash payments. When you pay by card, you do not give physical money to anyone, just your operation is registered in the banks register.

However, the main feature of Bitcoin is that it is not stored centrally, like currency in banks, but decentralized, being simultaneously located on all computers occupied by Bitcoins. At the same time, anyone at any time can freely view the history of all transactions related to the transfer of Bitcoins.

Yes, such registries are protected by cryptography. It is impossible to fake it for everyone, just as it is impossible to rewrite the data of the blocks, stating that from now on you are a millionaire. In this sense, Bitcoins are very secure. However, attacks and fraudulent attempts have appeared recently.

How is Bitcoin created?

Everyone knows that a specific state is engaged in the issue of a specific currency. The crypt is not related to any particular state. Bitcoin coins appear as computers serve the needs of the payment network.

The mining process (crypt production) is a separate big topic. In order to mine, you need to have special equipment (farm) available, which is very expensive. At the same time, no one can guarantee the high efficiency of this process. And the competition in this matter is very high.

Bitcoin opportunities

Quiet times Bitcoin can only dream about. Today the crypt is going through one of the most turbulent stages of its development, given the trends, the storms will not subside for a very long time. Since its inception, cryptocurrency has experienced ups and downs. To understand why this is happening, you need to study the history of the coin from the very beginning, and these are the distant 90s.

1982-1997

It was in the 1980s that the concept of electronic money was introduced by computer scientist David Chaum. At this time, the scientist was interested in such global issues as online and digital privacy. He even published his work, which presented the latest approach in cryptography. According to Chaums theory, it was quite possible to develop a payment system in which the data would not be visible to a third party. He even created a secure online currency (Bitcoin prototype). But she was never able to "shoot". David went bankrupt, but his developments laid the foundation for innovative ideas.

1998 year

The year was very important and fruitful. It was at this time that two of the most important ideas for cryptocurrency emerged. At the end of the year, Wei Dai published an article describing b-money, a crypt whose storage mechanism is very similar to blockchains. Around the same time, another project appeared - Bit Gold.

The projects were breakthroughs, but in the end, both failed.

2008 r.

It was in this year that Bitcoin was created in the form in which we are used to it. Two whole decades of silence after unsuccessful projects, and now the whole world was shocked by another news about the creation of the worlds first cryptocurrency.

2009 year

A couple of days before this year, the first Bitcoin block was mined. Soon, the first-ever program was released that ensured the operation of electronic money. The first transaction was made on January 12. By the end of the year, a course for a young crypt was published.

2010–2019

Already in 2010, something tangible was bought for electronic money. And a year later, the Bitcoin rate equaled the dollar rate. Over the next few years, fluctuations in the exchange rate were observed: it either increased or fell again.

2017 turned out to be important for the events.An active growth in the number of miners began, the rate rose again and reached $ 3000. Commissions and block processing period were gradually increasing. And in August, an extremely significant event took place - a hard fork, as a result of which Bitcoin Cash was created. Since then, this cryptocurrency has been ranked fifth in the world in terms of capitalization.

Today this crypt is very promising. Many are pinning their hopes on it. At the same time, after the unprecedented success of Bitcoin, new counterparts began to appear in the electronic world. But none of them have managed to surpass Bitcoin so far.

Is Bitcoin Infinite?

The popularity of Bitcoin is growing every day, it is constantly covered in the media, and all media actively and often discuss this cryptocurrency. There are even popular documentaries that explain what it is.

There are currently many online and offline retailers that accept Bitcoin as payment currency. Unfortunately, this cryptocurrency is not endless, but it will not be developed in the next 10 years. Bobby Lee, co-founder of one of the largest Chinese exchanges, made a forecast according to which the so-called Bitcoin halving will happen at the beginning of the year. Simply put, the mining process will become more complicated, and the mining rewards will be halved. As a result, the issue will take longer.

Strengths of Bitcoin

This electronic currency really has many advantages, and its popularity is fully justified. Take, for example, the fact that the blockchain does not provide an opportunity to know the identity of the user. But at the same time, all transactions are recorded, it is similar to the services of a personal accountant who does everything to register financial activity in a special book. But these are not all "pluses". Among them:

Safety. No one is guaranteed to enter an account that is created on the blockchain. Therefore, you can safely make transactions from anywhere in the world. Each transaction is safe, and settlements are much faster than using a regular plastic card.
Investments. The value of a crypt is constantly changing, because Bitcoins are volatile. And this is a great opportunity for investors and traders to make money. As the number of buyers increases, so does the price of coins. It is important to choose the right investment time, in this case you can become a millionaire in a matter of minutes. Tip: before you start trading, carefully study the issue and all its nuances, make sure you know everything.
Confidentiality. Yes, transactions are recorded in a public ledger, but specific information remains unavailable. When carrying out transactions, you do not have to worry that information about you will fall into third hands, it does not matter if it is fraudsters or government officials.
Speed and convenience. Fast transactions are one of the main advantages of Bitcoin. Sending funds is possible anywhere in the world, the main condition is the availability of the Internet.
Elimination of counterfeits. It is quite possible to get coins (mining), but this requires the presence of expensive equipment, as well as high costs for paying for electricity. Mining is a complex process that is constantly getting more complicated, this is another reason for the popularity of the coin. At the same time, it is mining that ensures the security of the network. For completed operations, users receive a reward - Bitcoins. And this process ensures that counterfeits are completely ruled out. This helps in the correct accounting of transactions.
It is not difficult to buy Bitcoin today. To do this, you can use the services of any exchanger or exchange. But it is worth paying attention and choosing only proven sites for this. Otherwise, you can miscalculate or even lose your own savings.

The following can be said about the cost. The price of Bitcoin rises as it is accepted by people or even by the state. So, for example, in Japan, Bitcoins are recognized as a legal tender at the state level. Bitcoins are very similar to traditional money, and in terms of capabilities, they even surpass them in many ways. The value of Bitcoin also largely depends on market sentiment and trends; the laws of supply and demand play an important role.

The functionality of Bitcoin is truly limitless. This electronic money performs the same functions as the regular currency in all states:

Settlement means. For Bitcoins, you can buy the necessary goods, pay for all kinds of services with them. At the same time, payment is made through an electronic wallet, his device is not much more complicated than the usual Yandex.Money or WebMoney.
Savings tool. Any currency can be easily converted into Bitcoins. Having exchanged money, you can expect an increase in the rate and subsequently earn good money on this. Simply put, Bitcoin is a great investment option.
Exchange medium. As noted, converting Bitcoins is very easy. Also, users can freely exchange them.

Bitcoin in TOP currencies

Bitcoin transactions are not particularly complex. In general, the process looks like this: all operations, or rather, information about them, are recorded in special blocks, this is a kind of list of transactions. By adding such blocks into a specific chain, you can easily track the history of these transactions.

The block is a heading and lists. The header contains hash codes (native and previous). The first in the list is a transaction indicating the reward (commission) that the user will receive when creating a new block.

Validation in the Bitcoin blockchain is used to verify the authenticity of transactions. The latter is a distributed database, parts of which are stored on different computers connected to the Bitcoin network. A transaction is considered confirmed after it is added to the list in a block.

It should be noted that after the operation is completed, the account of the recipient and the sender is not updated instantly. Traditional custom applications assume that a transaction can only be confirmed after six blocks are found to prove its validity. By the way, the user conducting the operation has the right to reduce the number of checks. But this can be done only if there are not too many Bitcoins. Fewer checks will speed up and simplify the process. In the event that verification is not passed, the funds will be automatically returned by the system to the senders account.

What about Bitcoins prospects? Based on the current state of affairs, we can make a bold conclusion that this cryptocurrency will continue its active development and will not yield its leadership positions to other, less known and popular cryptocurrencies. As of December 2019, the capitalization of the currency is $ 128,412,621,001, and it continues to grow.

Hope for the best comes from the forecast of Bobby Lee, co-founder of one of the largest Chinese exchanges. So, through his Twitter account, he made a more than optimistic forecast for 2020 regarding Bitcoin. According to Bobby, in the coming years, this crypt will increase significantly in price, its level will reach 60 thousand dollars per coin. At the same time, the level of total capitalization will cross the trillion dollar mark. This will serve to stabilize the exchange rate, increase its liquidity, and contribute to the adoption of the coin all over the world.

Currently, many people are immersing themselves with great interest in the new financial market - cryptocurrency. That is, the world community is gradually entering the era of cryptocurrencies. For example, in China, Estonia, India, Romania, Bulgaria, England, Japan, Germany and the United States, the digital economy of many enterprises and companies is based precisely on cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, Ether, etc. However, there are much more cryptocurrencies. On the basis of the Bitcoin blockchain and other technologies, more than 1000 types of digital money have appeared, used for various areas and business purposes. In this article, we will look at the Ripple cryptocurrency and its key aspects.

About XRP project

Ripple is an open payment system, or rather its prototype. The system allows you to get rid of the mediation of credit card companies, banks and other financial institutions. The work of the system is focused on the implementation of various currency exchanges, but without the possibility of chargebacks. XRP is the main cryptocurrency on the network. This decentralized digital currency still has a kind of center. That is, a centralized body, in this case Ripple, is in charge of resource management and making major decisions, and not an abstract community. If we consider XRP in terms of market capitalization, then it occupies an honorable third place among cryptocurrencies, behind only Ether and Bitcoin.

Fixed issue XRP was created. The total number of coins is 100 billion. Moreover, about 60% belongs to the Ripple company itself. It is also worth noting that this crypto cannot be mined, since, in accordance with the rules of the XRP company protocol, there is no built-in software for increasing the number of tokens. If we talk about the throughput capacity of the system, then, according to the developers, it is comparable to Visa. The XRP blockchain is capable of conducting up to 1500 transactions per second. Moreover, all 24 hours and 52 weeks a year per day, and this, in turn, is 250 times more than Bitcoin, and 100 times more than Ether.

How is XRP created?

Ryan Fugger is the founder of the Ripple system. Since its inception, the system has undergone colossal changes. The protocol itself, or rather its basic concept, appeared long before Bitcoin was presented. However, a full-fledged cryptocurrency saw the light only in 2012. The companys growth began in the not so distant 2004 with the development of the RipplePay system by Ryan Fugger, designed to make online money transfers safe for the user. The first version of this system was released in 2005.

The following theory was the basis for the creation of RipplePay.

Banks and other financial institutions operate by obtaining and issuing loans. They put a large percentage on all loans, and this despite the fact that they have attracted the money issued to themselves on a deposit at a much lower interest rate.
In fact, when taking credit funds, the client receives this money not from the bank, but from another client who deposited it there.
If you offer a trusted P2P network in which people can do without intermediaries, then banks can be removed from this chain. Loans will become available to everyone who needs them.
When creating a new chain, the main issue was trust. And to solve it, Fugger suggested using intermediaries as proxies who do not charge fees for their services. The Ripple team started to create a blockchain platform, but with similar functionality only in 2011, and the idea of launching their own cryptocurrency visited the developers in 2012. Based on Ryan Fuggers concepts, a transaction protocol was created with the ability to bypass transaction fees and latency times consistent with traditional partner banking systems. This is how OpenCoin Inc. was born.

In 2013, the network was renamed Ripple Labs. And the next important step in the development of Ripple has come - the introduction to the world of a public blockchain developed by a company that does not require trusted counterparties and gateways for transparent and honest work. The cryptocurrency market has been replenished with a new ticker - XRP. For the company, 2013 became one of the most profitable, since it was then that it managed to raise more than one and a half million for its development. Moreover, such well-known venture funds as FF Angel, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Bitcoin Opportunity Fund, IDG Capital Partners, Vast Ventures, Horowitz and Google acted as investors. The attraction of such partners in the first round of fundraising was a serious claim for further success.

In 2014, banks began to actively connect to the system. Also this year, the asset freeze and the possibility of their confiscation were put into operation. In October 2015, the company was finally formed and underwent another renaming. Now she began to bear the name Ripple, familiar to us. In 2016, she received about $ 55 million in investments. International venture funds, including the transnational corporation Google, again acted as investors.

But the rapid growth of the exchange rate fell on May 2017. XRP value has grown almost 20 times in just two months. The cryptocurrency showed its historical maximum in 2018, when the rate jumped to $ 2.78 for 1 XRP. But soon after the jump, the crypt began to sink. And as of December 1, 2019, the XRP price is only $ 0.23 per coin. But soon everything could change again.

XRP opportunities

As mentioned earlier, XRP is considered one of the most popular cryptocurrencies. And this is not strange, as it shows excellent bandwidth, which is currently not available with any of the best cryptocurrencies. Also, the crypt has the lowest transaction cost. When transferring funds, the mandatory commission is no more than 0.00001 XRP. It is also worth noting the positive impact on banking systems. Ripple may well serve as a tool to decentralize the traditional banking system.

At the moment, Ripple has built partnerships with many global world institutions, there are more than 60 of them. Among them are the following: UniCredit, RBC, UBS. Also, the Ripple system is used by most of the banks in Asia. The distribution register is also used by European organizations such as the British bank Santander. For international transactions, the crypt is used by the National Bank of Abu Dhabi. Soon, the introduction of the system in US banks is not excluded, since the company has already managed to obtain licenses to carry out cryptocurrency transactions in New York. And in Canada, Ripple is already fully used by the Royal Bank of Canada.

Is XRP Infinite?

XRP is an open source product developed by Ripple to address the major challenges of moving money in international payments. Crypto payment agents are used to enter new financial markets. Banks are used to provide liquidity in real time at the request of the client. XRP reduces the cost of currency exchange and speeds up the settlement of payments made. With the use of a crypt, any currency is transferred to any city or country in seconds and with a minimum transaction fee.

In total, the company issued 100 billion XRP, and now its representatives do not confirm the information about the planned increase in the number of tokens. The company regularly issues cryptocurrency, so the project can exist indefinitely as long as the public interest in it is maintained. There are several ways to purchase cryptocurrency: through exchanges, exchangers, brokerage platforms and some wallets. There are many exchanges where you can profitably buy XRP, but there are only a few reliable ones. These include: Binance and EXMO exchanges. The first allows you to buy XRP for world currencies or for Bitcoins and other crypts. On the EXMO exchange, a purchase can be made for euros, dollars, rubles and even hryvnia, and you can pay with a bank card or various payment systems (WebMoney, etc.). The sale is also carried out on other exchanges such as Poloniex, Bitfinex, Kraken and Bittrex.

Buying through special exchangers is based more on cryptocurrency pairs, but many resources also support the exchange of dollars, euros and other currencies for crypto. Some of the most trusted exchangers include Prostocash, Xchange and Baksman. You can also buy XRP coins through wallets, for example, Gatehub. If you want to use the crypt not for transfers, but for making money, then it is better to give preference to brokers and trading platforms such as Changelly.

Regardless of the method chosen, in order to carry out XRP transactions, you first need to get a wallet that will store digital coins. Then you can go to a resource that provides the services you need. You need to register on it, that is, fill out the registration form with a password and login, and confirm your actions by clicking on the link that will come to your email. All that remains is to log into your account. After this operation, you will have the opportunity to purchase Ripple cryptocurrency.

Ripple wallets allow the user to buy coins and spend them for their own purposes. All wallets for XRP coins can be roughly divided into three types:

Hardware wallets. Applications that are installed on a PC, tablet, or other device. Savings management and transactions are performed using an individual key. They are considered the safest. The best option for long-term savings. Among hardware wallets, the most reliable are Ledger Nano S, Toast, KeepKey, and Trezor.
Online wallets. Several users can access them. Suitable for storing small amounts of money. The best option is the official Ripple wallet. To start it, you need to go to the companys website and register on it. After that, you will be given an individual key with which you can make transactions.
Exchange accounts. For users who are engaged in trading, they are suitable for short-term storage of funds.
Before choosing one or another wallet, it is imperative to check the security of your Internet connection. In order to be completely sure that your funds will not go anywhere and that all operations with cryptocurrency will be safe, you should purchase a private key for one specific device.

XRP strengths

Of course, this cryptocurrency has its drawbacks. For example, excessive centralization, that is, the network is not distributed as well as classic cryptocurrencies. In addition, there is a risk that the company will block funds. Of course, the reasons for blocking are justified, this is mostly fraud, but some users lose their trust in the project because of this. Also, the disadvantages include the large number of tokens held by the company itself. As mentioned earlier, Ripple holds over half of all coins. But even in spite of all these disadvantages, most of the community, which is in one way or another connected with cryptocurrency, believes that XRP is a good investment and will be it as long as there are banks in the world. In addition, they note that the popularity will not fade away due to the fact that miners cannot manipulate the course, since coins can only be earned using computing power for scientific projects.

XRP in TOP currencies

The developers themselves claim that the prospects for XRP look promising and bright. According to their forecasts, by mid-2020, if the company finds an effective way to stabilize the exchange rate, more than 40% of Japanese banks will be connected to the system. In addition, financial institutions such as BAML and RBS are planning to use Ripple for commercial and retail payment services. And by the end of 2020, XRP will begin to be used everywhere, and it is quite possible that the value of the coin by 2021 in certain periods will reach ten dollars or more. Some experts even give forecasts for 2025, noting that XRP has every chance of becoming the backbone of bank transfers. But at the moment, the currency is in third place in the list of the most popular currencies, and its capitalization as of December 2019 is $ 8,422,454,428.

Conflicting data are published about the beginning of work on the Cosmos project. The generally accepted launch date for the project is 2017, but the first information about the development of the coin goes back to 2014.

About the project

Initially, two organizations participated in the implementation of the Cosmos - the Interchain Foundation and Tendermint Inc. In 2017, the fundraising is completed, which was needed for the first stages of the platforms development. The amount of investments amounted to nearly $ 17,000,000.

It took less than an hour to collect the required amount. Such quick results came as no surprise in the context of the massive ICO craze. In 2018, the team moved to the development stage. During this period, the Inter-Blockchain Communication technology was created, more than 20 test networks were launched. The high speed of development made it possible to enter the cryptocurrency market already in 2019.

The first major success was the creation of the Binance Chain blockchain, which was based on the Cosmos SDK concept. The blockchain has been announced by the largest exchange Binance. The goal of this project was to introduce an alternative market for cryptocurrency exchange in a decentralized format.

As conceived by the developers, the blockchain Space was created to overcome several disadvantages of cryptocurrencies:

Slow blockchain speed. Slowness is inherent in all programs that work using the PoW algorithm. Thanks to the revolutionary Tendermint project, the creators managed to improve speed and scalability.
Incorrect operation of decentralized applications and problems when launching new blockchains. To correct technical flaws, Cosmos uses a modular system with any programming language.
Lack of contact between isolated networks. The Cosmos program promises to establish interaction between networks through the Interblockchain Communication technology. It makes it possible to exchange data between unconnected circuits.
Space has the status of a "third generation" network. The task is to combine disparate blockchain projects into a single system. The creators of the concept gave it the name "Internet of blockchains".

Today, the Cosmos and Tendermint ecosystem consists of dozens of projects. Among the most popular are Sentinel, Hyperledger, OmiseGo, Oracle International Corporation and others.

Opportunities

Today Cosmos ranks 19th in the SMS list. The maximum value of the coin was $ 8.31 in early spring 2019. Investors are investing in this cryptocurrency for a number of technical advantages:

scalability;
Byzantine PoS fault tolerance;
cross-blockchain Bridges;
decentralized scale of the exchange.
Scalability is one of the main growth points of any cryptocurrency project. The development of the Cosmos network is based on the compatibility of networks that have common access zones. The simultaneous operation of zones allows you to increase the throughput threshold of transactions. All zones are equipped with the following registers, protocols and main language.

The Byzantine Failover PoS is the Proof-of-Stake interpretation given by Cosmos to this method of protecting currency, which is based on pBFT. The essence of the method is a combination of techniques used by "proof of ownership" and techniques of the Byzantine consensus on fault tolerance.

The tactic relies on a set of semi-trusted block voting nodes. The correct operation of the protocol is ensured by a quarter of the voting nodes (provided that they are honest). To ensure that all consensus nodes transfer a share of the Atom tokens - in the form of a guarantee. When a node detects malicious intent, it is removed from the system. The atoms that were assigned to it are destroyed.

Cosmos envisions Bridges that run between blockchains. The main function of these bridges is communication. They serve as Zones for the connection of "unconnected" blockchains and verify the transactions being made.

The main blockchain of the Cosmos performs the function of a decentralized exchange. Its task is to check the atomic permutations between the Zones. The decentralization model that is presented by the Cosmos attracts criticism due to the status of the validator. It is assigned to those users who have accumulated the most Atom tokens. The best players keep most of the tokens.

Blockchain components

Blockchain Space consists of four fundamental elements:

Tendermint BFT is an enhanced Proof-of-Stake consensus model. It differs from PoS in the Byzantine tolerance function, due to which the speed of transactions increases. The system works correctly if ¾ nodes follow the rules of the game.
Inter-block communication protocol (IBC) - allows the exchange of cryptocurrency between heterogeneous blockchains without the involvement of intermediaries. The IBCs job is to take over the TCP / IP options that this network model performs on the Internet. Cosmos solves the scalability of the method by introducing two classes of blockchains - Hubs and Zones. Hubs are heterogeneous block chains, and Zones are higher order chains connecting Hubs.
Cosmos Software Development Kit (SDK). The SDK consists of a basic frame with built-in tokens and tools to further customize them. This option allows new blockchains to follow modular or template schemes.
Blockchain Application Interface (ABCI). Responsible for replicating DDaPs in any programming language. Serves as an intermediary between Tendermint Core and Cosmos SDK.

How is created

The operating principle of the Cosmos ecosystem includes two components:

hub - the main blockchain;
zones - independent autonomous networks.
The zones operate on the basis of the Tendermint protocol, which allows you to choose any convenient programming language to develop your project. Flexible blockchain settings help to easily customize them to the needs of a particular user.

The platform does not provide for the mining of coins in the usual sense of this activity. Space endows the participant with one of two possible functions:

Validator - a person who receives an award for mediating transactions.
Delegate - the person who pledges assets to the validator, as a result of which he receives a percentage of the amount. The monthly dividend is ~ 0.5% of the collateral.
Cosmos uses two types of tokens - Atom and Photon. The atom is the "face" of the project. It was used in the ICO process, and today it presents the platform. Acts as the main participant in the conduct of consensus. Photon is a highly specialized token that is used to cover commissions that are charged for transactions.

If transactions are carried out between separate networks, then a prerequisite is communication with the hub. Until the moment of confirmation, the payment amount is frozen by the system. After the transaction is approved, the coins go to the addressees blockchain and burn up in the senders blockchain.

Is Cosmos infinite?

To answer the question about the resources of the Cosmos cryptocurrency, you will need to consider two branches of its development:

combining all functioning blockchains and establishing a connection between them;
development of programs that work with all blockchains that have access to the Cosmos Network.
Thanks to the intermediary function, Cosmos maintains its existence at the expense of the large international exchange company Binance. He can take part in transactions that are made using Bitcoins or any other newest cryptocurrencies. Connected blockchains communicate with each other, exchange information and coins. The task of the network is to verify the authenticity of translations.

Space can be thought of as an exchanger that converts cryptocurrency. Therefore, the question of infinity smoothly flows into the question of the infinity of the currency that is exchanged on this platform. In addition to mediation, the developers are adapting the system for the following areas:

storing information about users (personal or business);
confirmation of the rights to any action (certification of documentation, leaving stamps, concluding transactions);
storing the identification number of property that has legal value.
Applications that will cover all major blockchain networks are created using a special tool. Its task is to create DDaPs that will be assembled from pre-built modules. Users are given the opportunity to create modules on their own. It also provides for the development of new applications from scratch.

Strengths

The advantages of ATOM, which are declared by the creators of the cryptocurrency, include the following:

High scalability. The Tendermint protocol is distinguished by its security and speed. Thousands of transactions pass through it in a second.
Intuitiveness. The Cosmos developers wanted to create a program that even novice users could understand. As a result, they were able to create a more ergonomic and convenient alternative to standard blockchain applications.
Compatibility. Space works using the IBC protocol. This allows data to be transferred between blockchains over the TCP / IP system.
Project support. The Cosmos cryptocurrency was added by top exchanges without prior requests from the creators. The co-founder of Coinbase has invested $ 9,000,000 in this currency.
Perspective. Experts believe that Cosmos will soon be successfully integrated into the blockchain system and will take a leading position in the market. Already in April 2019, this cryptocurrency has risen in price by 89% in just a month.
Application in practice. Space is already supported by many services and applications (including e-Money, IRISnet, Kava, Terra, Binance Chain and others).
Course stability. Space steadily increases its course, regardless of the global market correction. It is not subject to strong daily fluctuations, which makes the coins reliable in the long term.
Further ways of development of the Cosmos depend on the goals set by the developers. Competition on the currency exchange is high, because only strong players become leaders. For successful advancement, the Cosmos needs to get rid of a number of shortcomings. These disadvantages include:

Lack of de facto decentralization. The network is managed by 100 validators. To secure this status, you should regularly increase your assets. Over time, this program can lead to the spread of the monopoly.
Dependence on third-party projects. Users who have begun to understand Space have come to the need to connect integrated applications. The lack of proper self-sufficiency of the project makes it inconvenient to use.
Insecure development. The Cosmos journey to cryptocurrency exchanges took over 5 years. A full-fledged system with the possibility of transactions was planned for 2018. But by the end of 2019, the project was provided only in a test version.

Cosmos in top currencies

At the end of November 2019, the Kosmos cryptocurrency rate is $ 2.96 USD. The project capitalization reaches $ 676,860,952 USD. Since the spring of 2019, it has entrenched itself in the top twenty cryptocurrencies (based on market capitalization), and has been holding its positions ever since.

There are mixed opinions about the future of the Cosmos cryptocurrency. Some analysts believe that global growth is not foreseen, since the "high point" of the currency has already come in 2019 (from 10 cents it has risen to 8 dollars per coin). In the near future, the growth of Space will slow down, it will be proportional to the growth of the entire market.

An increase in the rate should be expected when the rate of Bitcoin, Ethereum and other "giants" of the cryptocurrency market increases. The advantage of the Cosmos system is development due to the growth of competitors. Today, the following projects are the main competitors of the Atom coin:

AION;
Polkadot;
Penta.
They also address issues of efficient data interchange between blockchains. To establish its position, the Cosmos will have to develop new ways of communication between the networks.